WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLE OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING
Principle of Evaporative Cooling
As water is evaporated, energy is lost from the air, reducing the
temperature. Two temperatures are important when dealing with evaporative
cooling systems.
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| Evaporative Cooling |
Basic
evaporative cooling processes
Dry Bulb Temperature: - This is the temperature which we usually think of as air
temperature, measured by a regular thermometer exposed to the air stream.
Wet Bulb Temperature: - This is the lowest temperature that can be reached by the
evaporation of water only.
When considering water evaporating into air, the wet-bulb
temperature, as compared to the dry-bulb temperature of air, is a measure of
the potential for evaporative cooling. The dry and wet bulb temperature can be
used to calculate the relative humidity.
Evaporation will take place when the humidity is below 100% and
the air begins to absorb water. Any given volume of air can hold a certain
amount of water vapour and the degree of absorption will depend on the amount
it is already holding.
Energy is required to change water from liquid to vapour. This
energy is obtained in an adiabatic process from the air itself. Air entering an
evaporative air cooler gives up heat energy to evaporate water. During this
process, the dry bulb temperature of the air passing through the cooler is
lowered.
The rudimentary basis for understanding
any air conditioning, dehumidification and evaporative cooling is psychometrics.
Psychometric consists of the interactions between heat, moisture and air. It is
basically the study of air-water mixtures and is an essential foundation for
understanding, how to change air from one condition to another. As air temperature
rises, its capacity to hold moisture rises also; and warmer air becomes less dense.
This makes moisture a very influential factor for heat gain, both for comfort
and in calculations. The knowledge of systems consisting of dry air and water
vapor is essential for the design and analysis of air conditioning devices,
cooling towers, and industrial processes requiring close control of the vapor
content in air. Air moisture and heat interactions are rather complex.
This is all about the principle of Evaporative Cooling.
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